The "basic structure doctrine" is a constitutional principle that emerged from the landmark Indian Supreme Court case of Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala (1973). It holds that while the Parliament has the power to amend any provision of the Constitution, it...
Polity
STATE (ARTICLE 12)
Article 12 of the Indian Constitution holds significance in delineating the entities considered as "States" for the purpose of enforcing fundamental rights. This expression is rightly defined by the famous case Ajay Hasia v/s Khalid Mujib. This delineation expands the...
CITIZENSHIP ( ARTICLE 5-11 )
Title and Composition: "Citizenship" (Articles 5-11) Part 2 of the Indian Constitution is titled "Citizenship" and consists of Articles 5 to 11. These articles lay down the rules and principles regarding the citizenship of India. Acquisition of Citizenship: Article 5...
UNION AND ITS TERRITORIES
Part 1 of the Indian Constitution, encompassing Articles 1 to 4, pertains to the concept of the Union and its territories. Despite India's federal constitutional framework, it is referred to as a "Union of States" rather than a "Federation of States." Dr. B. R....
HISTORICAL UNDERPINNINGS
1. British Arrival and Trade (1600): East India Company initiated British presence in India as traders under a charter from Queen Elizabeth I. 2. Transition to Territorial Power (1765): East India Company acquired 'diwani' rights over Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa,...