Section 10(b) of the National Medical Commission Act, 2019 (NMC Act)

• Empowers the National Testing Agency (NTA) to conduct the NEET-UG exam and prescribe regulations for the same
• Mandates the NTA to establish a grievance redressal mechanism for candidates

Framework:

• The NTA conducts the NEET-UG exam as per the NMC Act and its regulations
• The petitioner (Xylem Learning) alleges discrepancies in the exam conduct, including issues with OMR sheets
• The petitioner seeks a direction from the Supreme Court to extend the time limit for filing grievances
• The Supreme Court seeks a response from the NTA on the issue, highlighting the need for a clear grievance redressal mechanism

Section 279 (Rash driving) and Section 304 (Culpable homicide) of the Indian Penal Code (IPC)

• Section 279: Imposes a penalty for rash driving, which causes hurt or endangerment to life
• Section 304: Imposes a penalty for culpable homicide, which is not amounting to murder

Framework:

• The accused (Ritu Maloo) is charged with drunk-driving, which resulted in the death of two individuals
• The Bombay High Court denies anticipatory bail to the accused, citing the seriousness of the offence
• The court relies on precedents and statutory provisions to reject the bail plea, emphasising the need to uphold public safety and deterrence

Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC), Indian Penal Code (IPC), and Evidence Act

• CrPC: Prescribes procedures for investigation, trial, and punishment of offenses
• IPC: Defines various offences and penalties

• Evidence Act: Governs the admissibility and relevance of evidence in criminal trials

Framework:

• The petitioners (Anjale Patel and Another) challenge the constitutional validity of three new criminal laws
• Concerns are raised about ambiguous terms, police custody provisions, and insufficient parliamentary debate
• The Supreme Court is approached to examine the validity and constitutionality of the new laws, ensuring they align with the principles of criminal justice and the Constitution